Adult literacy rate has risen from 88% in 1989 to 93.4% in 2000. 2. The empirical evidence on the link between macroeconomic policies and poverty reduction is presented in section 4. Economic surplus model and cost-benefit analysis. Today Jonathan Brooks author of the OECDs new book on agricultural policy and poverty reduction, responds to my rather critical review. consensus was successfully forged around the importance of poverty reduction and human development. velocity has been relatively slower than the period before the crisis. Growth in agricultural productivity, the rural non-farm sector and rural wages, which are the main sources of poverty reduction in both China and India, have been made possible by public investments in R&D, infrastructure (such as roads, power, irrigation, communication and education) and anti-poverty programmes. Beyond Food Production takes on this challenge, investigating four important channels: rural labor markets, farm incomes, food prices, and linkages to other economic sectors. As one of the fastest growing and most resilient economic activities, it is a catalyst for job creation and This column revisits these issues using a newly constructed dataset of poverty measures for India spanning 60 years. Potentials of the Agro Industry towards Achieving Food Security in Nigeria and Other Sub-Saharan African Countries. . Key findings from the poverty assessment include: - In addition to the reduction Department of Agricultural Economics and Natural Resource, MizanTepi University, MizanTepi, Ethiopia 1. In sum, economic growth is a crucial factor in poverty reduction, but the level of inequality and its evolution affect its impact on poverty. Agricultural growth and poverty reduction: Additional evidence by Alain de Janvry and Elisabeth Sadoulet Prepared for the World Bank Research Observer May 2009 Agricultural growth has long been recognized as an important instrument for poverty reduction. By the end of this section, students should be able to: in the socio-economic profile and the magnitude of incidence of poverty in India on alternative criteria for measurement. Even the poverty reduction has experienced a plateau since 2009 due to the low performance of the agricultural sector that has grown below 4 percent on average in recent years. With 80% of the poor living in rural areas, modernization of agriculture is critical for Ghanaian economic development and poverty reduction. 23. has been cited by the following article: Article. In East Africa, only 22 per the Process of Economic Development Two important and related features distinguish the agricultural sec- exporters can be expected to witness a substantial reduction in the share of agriculture if they achieve a sizable increase in per capita remedy is to remove the basic causes of the poverty and backwardness" [48, p. 71]. The concluding part identifies agricultural strategies that are The An Investigation of Poverty, Income Inequality and Their Shifters at Household Level in Pakistan. Datt and Ravallion (1998) found output per unit of land to be statistically significant as a determinant of the squared poverty gap (using national, annual Indian data). Poverty is one of them. Since then, the global community has managed to uplift a large segment of 1 See General Assembly resolution 55/2. It The findings also highlight Despite contrasting opinions on the relative importance of agriculture and industry in generating overall growth, there should presumably be less contention surrounding the role of agriculture in poverty reduction, especially given the impor-tance of agricultural incomes for Africas poorest populations. There is a lot of evidence that agriculture can contribute to poverty reduction beyond a direct effect on farmer's incomes. Nigeria became Africas largest economy in 2014. The importance of tourism to Ugandas economic growth speaks for itself in the increasing number of visiting tourists every year, and, the rise in expenditure by foreign tourists in the country. Uganda, agricultural growth appears to have slowed in the most recent periods with a corresponding slowdown in the pace of monetary poverty reduction. Poverty reduction among households working in agriculture accounts for 79% of the national poverty reduction observed between 2006 and 2013. Accelerated agricultural growth, based on increasing land and labour productivity, has been a cornerstone of successful poverty reduction. Besides, prosperity in agriculture favoured the development of a dynamic rural non-farm (RNF) sector, regarded as one of the main causes for rapid poverty reduction in China as it provided additional sources of income outside farming, they state. Investing in Water for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction 57 Doing Infrastructure Right 58 Finding the Finance 60 the importance of water as an issue in understanding the relationship between poverty reduction relates to both the importance of agricultural development for wider economic growth and structural transformation and its importance to poverty reduction. These examples provide important lessons for future policy design and underline the inevitability of trade-offs. and poverty reduction. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. Agricultural growth is likely to remain important in reducing poverty. Background Poverty reduction of any country can contribute grossly to the improvement of peoples life and economic growth of the country (Tefera, 2013). and poverty reduction To increase the likelihood of poverty reduction through agricultural transformation, the following issues should be equally important in poverty reduction. has been cited by the following article: TITLE: Is Agriculture the Highest-Risk Sector? The Millennium Development Goals 7. Journal of Comparative Economics, 38, 216. Several impact studies of agricultural technologies have estimated aggregate economic benefits through extrapolation of farm-level yield or income gains using partial equilibrium simulation models such as the economic surplus model [].The economic surplus method is the most widely used procedure for economic evaluation of benefits and March 17, 2012 Views 3 comments. The recognition that agriculture and rural development must play a central role in economic growth, poverty reduction, and food and nutrition security improvement is widely accepted, as the cost of disinvesting from the sector during the structural adjustment era had become all too obvious. Despite contrasting opinions on the relative importance of agriculture and industry in generating overall growth, there should presumably be less contention surrounding the role of agriculture in poverty reduction, especially given the impor-tance of agricultural incomes for Africas poorest populations. Agriculture is one of the most important sectors of economy of the Republic of Armenia. There has been a downward trend in poverty measures since 1970, with an acceleration post-1991, despite rising inequality. Section Learning Outcomes. Poverty reduction, economic growth, and income inequality CROSSROADS TOWARD PHILIPPINE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROGRESS - Gerardo P. Sicat (The Philippine Star) - 30: Contributions of Agricultural Biotechnology in Alleviation of Poverty and Hunger Introduction In 2018, the number of chronically undernourished people in the world is estimated to have increased to 821.6 million, up from 811.7 million in 2017, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Economic Development and Poverty Reduction in China over 20 Years of Reforms* Shujie Yao University of Portsmouth I. 2.1.2 Poverty and income variables. This finding provides further evidence on the important role agriculture that can play in economic development and the urgent need to support agricultural growth through raising investment. Agricultural growth has played the key role in past poverty reduction, which allows the country to become one of few African countries that will achieve MDG1 of halving 1990s poverty rate early than As Nigerias Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita grew by nearly 70% between 1992-2009, poverty rates fell by 6%. Agriculture Authors: as they relate to the process of economic development and poverty reduction, departing from the premise that livestock production plays an important In fact, from 1976 to 1996, poverty reduction in rural area was faster than that in urban areas. 23, Paris: OECD Publishing. reasons to emphasize research on rural poverty reduction, and to redirect attention and expenditure towards agricultural development. Following the poor harvest of 1993, the government introduced agriculture assistance policies, including increased support prices for many agricultural commodities and expanded availability of agricultural credit. An extensive literature discusses related theoretical arguments, much of it drawing on the classical model of Lewis (1954 [TC]), and later contributions by Ranis and Fei (1961 [TC]) Even though this is a narrow definition of poverty, US$1.90 is the official international poverty line and allows us to draw from poverty maps that the World Bank produced for many countries over the last decades. The economic importance of agriculture has declined since independence, when its share of GDP was around 53%. Timmer (1997) uses output per worker as the productivity Economic Importance of Agriculture for Poverty Reduction. Findings from time-series, cross-section regression analysis reveal that while economic growth generally was an important contributor to poverty reduction, the sector mix of growth mattered substantially, with growth in agricultural incomes being especially important. For example, although Pakistan experienced a high rate of growth in the 1960s, poverty continued to increasemainly because The adoption of the MDGs as a global goal in 2000 marked an important turning point in UN attention to development and poverty reduction in a number of ways. The lack of data, however, makes it impossible to review the impact of these policies, thus also making it impossible to quantify any possible contribution to poverty reduction these interventions might However, it is important to recall that one of the key factors underpinnings China performance was strong agricultural performance with growth of around 4-5%. Income per capita has almost doubled between 1990 and 2000. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the debate on the role of agriculture transformation in the development process and as an engine to reduce poverty and improve Agriculture is an important sector for many developing countries, both to drive economic development but also to support poverty reduction and boost food and nutrition security. In this section we consider the important linkages between development in the agricultural sector, economic growth and poverty reduction, and the importance of rural livelihood diversification. This underscores the important role the sector plays in creating lucrative livelihoods, especially given that it This book examines the role of agriculture in the economic transformation of developing low- and middle-income countries and explores means for accelerating agricultural growth and poverty reduction. Agricultural transformation lies at the core of poverty reduction, food security, and improved nutrition. Agricultural development can stimulate economic development outside of the agricultural sector, and lead to higher job and growth creation. agriculture and poverty reduction can go hand-in-hand, but it also highlights instances where green agricultural policies have increased poverty. Agricultural growth appears a priority for poverty reduction in landlocked and coastal economies alike. Greater access of the poor to education and health services, water and sanitation, employment, credit, and markets for produce is needed. Those who stay in agriculture are also diversifying towards non-farm wage and self-employment." OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers No. This The Right Focus Many argue that the agricultural focus of Ghana's proposal creates strong potential for poverty reduction. With 85% of the population living in the rural areas and depending on agriculture for livelihood, there is no doubt for the economic importance of the agricultural sector for sustainable development and poverty reduction in Ethiopia. Governance and Poverty Reduction in Africa 7 Capacity and Resources to Fight Poverty The concern for good governance as a way of dealing with Africas poverty and economic backwardness is nothing new; it goes back to the nationalist struggles for independence. sider the contribution that agriculture might make to overall economic development and poverty reduction.This need has become all the more pressing given the recent focus on poverty reduction in development assistancebeginning with the series of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers initiated by international financial institutions in 1999. 2 Hence, macroeconomic stability should be a key component of any poverty reduction strategy. Findings from time-series, cross-section regression analysis reveal that while economic growth generally was an important contributor to poverty reduction, the sector mix of growth mattered substantially, with growth in agricultural incomes being especially important. Growth without Poverty Reduction: The Case of Costa Rica. The completion rate of Whether is important to note that when the process is successful, the absolute size of agriculture continues to grow, even though its share in the economy declines, 3. development can be a more effective poverty-reduction strategy if productivity in the non-agricultural sector is higher with faster growth, and moving out rural households from agriculture to non-agricultural activities is achievable (Gollin 2010, Collier and Dercon 2014), i.e., through an non- Economic and Political Weekly, 39(40), 44294446. The importance of agricultural growth to poverty reduction is well known, but the specific channels through which the poor can take advantage of growth require further research. To therefore improve and sustain the rate of economic growth in Nigeria from which poverty could be reduced measures, such as, Introduction When Deng Xiaoping introduced agricultural reform in 1978, more than three-quarters of all Chinese rural people lived in poverty.1 One of the most important policy objectives of reform was to raise the living stan- 30: Contributions of Agricultural Biotechnology in Alleviation of Poverty and Hunger Introduction In 2018, the number of chronically undernourished people in the world is estimated to have increased to 821.6 million, up from 811.7 million in 2017, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). Agricultural policy, poverty and the role of the state: the OECD responds. In this, agricultural growth is for example often considered key as driver of growth and poverty reduction early on in the development process. Yet, measurements of this relationship are still scarce and not always reliable. Economic Importance of Agriculture for Poverty Reduction. Poverty reduction and human development have improved considerably. The most important project of the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) - the end of all kinds of poverty by the year 2030 - will therefore most likely be missed by Africa. In the early 1980s, as was the case in much of Latin America, Costa Rica suffered its worst economic crisis in The third section relates to the analysis of empirical evidence on the linkage between agricultural development and poverty reduction in the country. 2 Relatively rapid economic growth, but seemingly limited poverty reduction: Burkina Faso, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia This group provides a strong counterpoint to the first group. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Paper No. The measurement of poverty employed is the headcount ratio of people falling below US$1.90 per day. the Process of Economic Development Two important and related features distinguish the agricultural sec- exporters can be expected to witness a substantial reduction in the share of agriculture if they achieve a sizable increase in per capita remedy is to remove the basic causes of the poverty and backwardness" [48, p. 71]. Because economic growth is the single most important factor influencing poverty, and macroeconomic stability is essential for high and sustainable rates of growth. We now offer theoretical and empirical evidence suggesting that the causation runs in the opposite direction as well; that is, reducing poverty can help boost economic Acumen: Investing in Finance Models for Small Businesses in East Africa. 2.0 Agriculture, pro-poor growth, and poverty reduction Section Overview. AGRICULTURE, TRADE REFORM AND POVERTY REDUCTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA by Kym Anderson CEPR, and School of Economics and Centre for International Economic Studies University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia UNITED NATIONS New York and Geneva, 2004 ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE FOR POVERTY REDUCTION Introduction Theodore Schultz began his acceptance speech for the 1979 Nobel Prize in Economics observing: Most of the people in the world are poor, so if we knew the economics of being poor we would know much of the economics that really matters. Economic importance of agriculture for poverty reduction. Many of the regions agricultural sectors are not performing up to their potential, but others areand on a global scale. growth. While far from exhaustive, our analysis suggests that this combination of interventions is needed to overcome the structural barriers to poverty reduction in low-income countries. the most important agricultural policies and support measures introduced since 1994. Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. ISI, Google Scholar Food insecurity often rooted in poverty decreases the ability of countries to develop their agricultural markets and economies. They also argue that extending The role of agriculture in economic development and poverty reduction : an empirical and conceptual foundation @inproceedings{Sarris2001TheRO, title={The role of agriculture in economic development and poverty reduction : an empirical and conceptual foundation}, author={A. Sarris}, year={2001} } A. Sarris; Published 2001; Economics This is the second in a two-part series on measuring and understanding economic growth and poverty in Nigeria, presenting findings from EPAR Technical Report #327. Agricultural growth is essential for fostering economic development and feeding growing populations in most low developed countries (LDCs). Section 5 presents concluding remarks and policy implications. However, while the proportion of impoverished Poverty fell from over 70% in the mid-1980s to 58% in 1993 and further to 37% in 1998. Pocket K No. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation: Promoting Growth with Poverty Reduction (Palgrave Studies in Agricultural Economics and Food Policy) at Amazon.com. OECD Food, Agriculture and Fisheries Working Papers, No. Poverty reduction requires economic growth which, when accompanied by sound macroeconomic management and good governance, results in sustainable and socially inclusive development (ADB 1999). Agriculture accounts for 60% of employment in Ghana, and more than 30% of GDP. Google Scholar; Montalvo, J and M Ravallion [2010] The pattern of growth and poverty reduction in China. has been cited by the following article: Article. Finally, the importance of agriculture for poverty reduction confirms the need for investment in and attention to this sector, particularly in Mozambique. At the Earth Institute, researchers take a human needs approach and look at the root causes of extreme poverty, thinking beyond money to ask whether people have the basics they need for economic The Role of Economic Policies in Poverty Reduction 4 4 In contrast to China, other countries in Asia have not been able to translate rapid growth into steep poverty reduction, due, in part, to high inequality. 23, OECD Publishing. Exceptional progress in some developing countries makes achieving that goal globally a realistic possibility. Cervantes-Godoy, D., & Dewbre, J. In the recently released 13 th Tanzania Economic Update, Realizing the Potential of Agriculture for Inclusive Growth and Poverty Reduction, the authors underscore the importance of having supportive public policies and spending which crowds in more private investments needed to catalyze a nascent agriculture transformation. of economic growth (this was started by a seminal paper by Ravallion and Datt (1996)). . And pro-poor agricultural growth can significantly reduce poverty in SSA. Much of todays urban poverty is simply yesterdays rural poverty displaced. This requires industrialization where micro and small poverty. Agricultural productivity growth remains a powerful lever for achieving poverty reduction. Whether African agriculture possesses the physical, human, and technological resources necessary for a foundation for broad-based economic growth. Governance and Poverty Reduction in Africa 7 Capacity and Resources to Fight Poverty The concern for good governance as a way of dealing with Africas poverty and economic backwardness is nothing new; it goes back to the nationalist struggles for independence. economic reforms and resulting economic performance in Malawi. Over a billion people currently live below the poverty line, earning less than $1.25 a day.
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